Mongolian (Монгол), is the right-known member of the Mongolian language family, and a primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia. In case a Altaic theory is correct, so Mongolian as well belongs to the big Altaic language personal. These are likewise spoken inside a bit of of the circumferent areas around provinces of China and the Russian Federation. A majority of speakers inside Mongolia speak a Khalkha (or Halh) accent.

Classification
Mongolian occurs as Mongolian language. A Altaic theory, however super controversial, proposes that a Mongolian personal occurs as member of the big Altaic family, which would also include a Turkic and Tungusic languages. Related languages include Kalmyk spoken near a Caspian Sea & Buriat of East Siberia, as well as a total of minor languages within China & a Mogholi language of Afghanistan.

Geographic distribution
On top 2 million population speak Mongolian throughout Mongolia. There exists too the important total of speakers around Russia, primarily in the Buryat ASSR, and hundreds to thousands of speakers inside Northern China.

Official status
Khalkha Mongolian is the national language of Mongolia.

Dialects
A virtually all prestigious accent is Khalkha, which is spoken in the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, and virtually all of Mongolia. Notwithstanding, the accent spoken within Inner Mongolia & northern Mongolia has as much as a million supplementary speakers than does Khalkha.

Sounds
A fully inventory of hanker & short vowels may simply occur inside word-initial syllables. Around word-internal & word-final syllables, vowels come reduced. Long vowels could simply come out inside initial syllables. Inside numerous non-initial syllables, there exists, phonemically, there is no vowel in the least (e.g., хоёр, "two," ажил, "work," & Ñ?аармаг, "neutral" come, phonemically, .

There is no discussion of a phonemics of Mongolian would exist as complete while forgoing discussing the language's vowel harmony. Mongolian groups vowels into deuce groups. Traditionally, these groups use been seen when "front vowels" & "back vowels," however Svantesson et al analyze a groups instead when (what it term) "non-pharyngeal" (e, u, o) & "pharyngeal" (the,''''). /i/ occurs as neutral vowel, & doesn't belong around either class action. the nature and severity of vowel which occurs in the number one syllable of a word determines what vowels could occur in the rest of the word. Whenever the number one vowel is pharyngeal, so all the vowels of the word must exist as either /i/ or even a pharyngeal vowel. Likewise, whenever the foremost vowel occurs as non-pharyngeal vowel, so all the vowels of the word must become either /i/ or even a non-pharyngeal vowel.

Vowels

! ! align="center" colspan="2"|Front ! align="center" colspan="2"|Central ! align="center" colspan="2"|Back |- ! ! align="center"|Short ! align="center"|Long ! align="center"|Short ! align="center"|Long ! align="center"|Short ! align="center"|Long |- ! align="left"|Close | align="center"|i | align="center"|| | | align="center"|u | align="center"||- ! align="left"|Near-Close | | | | | align="center"|| align="center"||- ! align="left"|Close-Mid | align="center"|e | align="center"|| | | align="center"|o | align="center"||- ! align="left"|Open-mid | | | | | align="center"|| align="center"||- ! align="left"|Open | | | align="center"|a | align="center"|| | |}

Mongolian too has quadruplet diphthongs, /ui/, .

Consonants

! colspan="2"| ! align="center" colspan="2"|Labial ! align="center" colspan="2"|Dental ! align="center" rowspan=2|Postalveolar ! align="center" colspan="2"|Velar ! align="center" rowspan=2|Uvular |- ! ! ! align="center"|Palatalized ! align="center"|Plain ! align="center"|Palatalized ! align="center"|Plain ! align="center"|Palatalized ! align="center"|Plain |- ! align="left" rowspan=3|Plosive ! align="left"|Voiceless aspirated | | | align="center"|| align="center"|| | | | |- ! align="left"|Voiceless | align="center"|| align="center"|p | align="center"|| align="center"|t | | | | |- ! align="left"|Voiced | | | | | | align="center"|| align="center"|| align="center"||- ! align="left" rowspan=2|Affricate ! align="left"|Voiceless aspirated | | | | align="center"|| align="center"|| | | |- ! align="left"|Voiceless | | | | align="center"|| align="center"|| | | |- ! align="left" colspan="2"|Fricative | | | | align="center"|s | align="center"|| align="center"|| align="center"|x | |- ! align="left" colspan="2"|Nasal | align="center"|| align="center"|m | align="center"|| align="center"|n | | | align="center"|| |- ! align="left" colspan="2"|Lateral fricative | | | align="center"|| align="center"|| | | | |- ! align="left" colspan="2"|Approximant | align="center"|| align="center"|w | align="center"|| align="center"|r | align="center"|j | | | |}

Mongolian lacks the admittedly phoneme /l/; instead, it has the soft lateral strident, merely occur around loan, then it is non shown in the table.

Grammar
Mongolian is agglutinative, like Turkish or Finnish, meaning it strings together affixes, adding them to roots. The hallmark of agglutinative languages is that these affixes, unlike inside fusional languages, are nigh universally monomorphemic, composed of one morpheme. Thus the single affix is needed to express plurality, & a separate of these to imply the example of a noun, so in.

Pronouns

Mongolian has lone number one & 2nd individual pronouns; in situ of third individual pronouns, a demonstrative "this" (nut), "that" (ter), "these" (ed nar), & "those" (ted nar) come utilized.

Writing system
Independent article: Mongolian alphabet

Mongolian has been written inside a kind of alphabets on top the years.

A official Mongolian alphabet was created in the 12th century, although it has undergone transformations and once in a while been supplanted by more scripts. A Mongolian alphabet was used inside Mongolia until 1943, whenever it was replaced per Cyrillic alphabet, and Cyrillic is however a usual script encountered inside Mongolia, when a traditional alphabet is existence slowly reintroduced in the public school body. Around Inner Mongolia (in China), a traditional alphabet has universally been utilized, although Cyrillic was considered briefly prior to a Sino-Soviet split.

A limited Cyrillic alphabet utilized for Mongolian is when follows:

! align="center"|Cyrillic ! align="center"|IPA ! align="center"|Transliteration ! ! align="center"|Cyrillic ! align="center"|IPA ! align="center"|Transliteration |- | align="center"|Ð?а | align="center"|a | align="center"|a | | align="center"|Пп | align="center"|() | align="center"|( p ) |- | align="center"|Бб | align="center"|p,| align="center"|b | | align="center"|Рр | align="center"|r,| align="center"|r |- | align="center"|Вв | align="center"|w,| align="center"|v, w | | align="center"|СÑ? | align="center"|s | align="center"|s |- | align="center"|Гг | align="center"|| align="center"|g | | align="center"|Тт | align="center"|| align="center"|t |- | align="center"|Дд | align="center"|t,| align="center"|d | | align="center"|Уу | align="center"|| align="center"|u |- | align="center"|Ее | align="center"|je | align="center"|ye | | align="center"|Ò®Ò¯ | align="center"|u | align="center"|ü |- | align="center"|Ð?Ñ‘ | align="center"|| align="center"|yo | | align="center"|Фф | align="center"|( f ) | align="center"|( f ) |- | align="center"|Жж | align="center"|| align="center"|j | | align="center"|Хх | align="center"|x,| align="center"|kh |- | align="center"|Зз | align="center"|| align="center"|(500)z | | align="center"|Цц | align="center"|| align="center"|ts |- | align="center"|Ии | align="center"|i | align="center"|i | | align="center"|Чч | align="center"|| align="center"|ch |- | align="center"|Йй | align="center"|j | align="center"|y | | align="center"|Шш | align="center"|| align="center"|sh |- | align="center"|Кк | align="center"|( k ), () | align="center"|( k ) | | align="center"|Щщ | align="center"|() | align="center"|( s(h)ch ) |- | align="center"|Лл | align="center"|| align="center"|l | | align="center"|Ыы | align="center"|i | align="center"|y |- | align="center"|Мм | align="center"|m,| align="center"|m | | align="center"|Ьь | align="center"|| align="center"|y, ' |- | align="center"|Ð?н | align="center"|n,| align="center"|n | | align="center"|ЭÑ? | align="center"|e | align="center"|e |- | align="center"|Оо | align="center"|| align="center"|o | | align="center"|Юю | align="center"|| align="center"|yu |- | align="center"|Ó¨Ó© | align="center"|o | align="center"|ö | | align="center"|ЯÑ? | align="center"|ja | align="center"|ya |}